Thanks for the question! The San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium is one of the largest and most prestigious breast cancer conferences, and often exciting and innovative research is presented. However at the recent meeting, a study was presented by a group from MD Anderson, questioning the safety and effectiveness of accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) for early-stage breast cancer - specifically they noted that patients undergoing this treatment have a higher rate of complications and eventual mastectomy. Unfortunately before the study was even presented, it received national media attention, leading to significant anxiety and confusion among women. This stresses the importance of reading the study, not just listening to the sound bite - here are some facts:
- The study used retrospective (after the fact) "claims data" to do their evaluation. That means they took Medicare billing information, not actual patient data, and drew some conclusions. It is NOT possible to accurately determine complication rates from claims data as they are not always reported. It is also not possible (and the authors admitted this) to determine why the women treated with APBI subsequently underwent mastectomy - it could have been for an entirely different cancer, even one in the other breast!
- The absolute increased risk of mastectomy was 1.8% which is quite low, and again we have no way to know why the women underwent mastectomy
- APBI has been the subject of multiple prospective (going-forward) and peer-reviewed studies, and has been shown to have an equivalent or in some cases better rate of breast cancer control compared to whole-breast irradiation; the complication rate is also equivalent.
3 respected professional medical societies published responses critical of the MD Anderson study, and I expect more criticism will come. The responses are from the American Society of Breast Surgeons:
https://www.breastsurgeons.org/news/article.php?id=122, the American Brachytherapy Society:
http://campaign.r20.constantcontact.com/render?llr=kdofiegab&v=001rj64Pj8NTf4ISgwN4cSdZYtZBR53GjAi73j4En_qeygPzWmSUe1qgGI7U-jt8HRV7NouL9sMViv1IOOeGT2QHMAaDWrfEuOApREAHj-8Z60%3D and the American Society for Radiation Oncology:
https://astro.org/News-and-Media/News-Releases/2011/ASTRO--APBI-safe,-effective-for-some-breast-cancer-patients.aspxIt is again unfortunate that this poorly designed study with no real valid clinical data was allowed to be presented at such a prestigious meeting, and that it received immense national media attention before the scientific community was allowed to interpret the study and respond. I am hopeful that this will not happen in the future, as many women (and many physicians) were caused unnecessary anxiety regarding their breast cancer treatment options.